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目前我们项目的架构图:
从上图中可以看到,Zuul是我们整个系统的入口。当我们有参数校验的需求时,我们就可以利用Zuul的Pre过滤器,进行参数的校验。例如我现在希望请求都一律带上token参数,否则拒绝请求。在项目中创建一个filter包,在该包中新建一个TokenFilter劳累并继承ZuulFilter,代码如下:
package org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.filter;import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;/** * @program: api-gateway * @description: token过滤器 * @author: 01 * @create: 2018-08-25 17:03 **/@Componentpublic class TokenFilter extends ZuulFilter { @Override public String filterType() { // 声明过滤器的类型为Pre return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() { // 将这个过滤器的优先级放在 PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER 之前,数字越小优先级越高 return FilterConstants.PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER - 1; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { // 开启这个过滤器 return true; } /** * 这个方法用于自定义过滤器的处理代码 * * @return Object * @throws ZuulException ZuulException */ @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); // 从上下文中拿到请求对象 HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest(); // 拿出参数里的token String token = request.getParameter("token"); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) { // 验证失败 requestContext.setSendZuulResponse(false); // 返回401权限不通过 requestContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value()); } return null; }}
重启项目,我们来访问一个接口,不带上token参数,看看是否会返回401。如下:
带上token参数再测试一下,请求成功:
从以上的示例中,可以看到利用Pre可以对请求进行一些预处理。如果希望在请求处理完成后,对返回的数据进行处理的话。就需要使用的Post过滤器,例如我们要在http返回头中,加上一个自定义的X-Foo
属性。代码如下:
package org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.filter;import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.util.UUID;/** * @program: api-gateway * @description: * @author: 01 * @create: 2018-08-25 17:10 **/@Componentpublic class AddResponseHeaderFilter extends ZuulFilter { @Override public String filterType() { return FilterConstants.POST_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return FilterConstants.SEND_RESPONSE_FILTER_ORDER - 1; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; } @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletResponse response = requestContext.getResponse(); response.setHeader("X-Foo", UUID.randomUUID().toString()); return null; }}
重启项目,同样访问之前那个接口,测试结果如下:
Zuul充当API网关的角色,所有的请求都经过它,所以很适合在其之上对API做限流保护,防止网络×××。需要注意的是,用于限流的过滤器应该在请求被转发之前调用,常见的限流算法有计数器、漏铜和令×××桶算法。
令×××桶算法示意图:
Google开源工具包Guava提供了限流工具类RateLimiter,该类基于令×××桶算法(Token Bucket)来完成限流,非常易于使用。RateLimiter经常用于限制对一些物理资源或者逻辑资源的访问速率,它支持两种获取permits接口,一种是如果拿不到立刻返回false,一种会阻塞等待一段时间看能不能拿到。
我们来创建一个过滤器,简单使用一下这个RateLimiter。代码如下:
package org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.filter;import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.exception.RateLimiterException;import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.SERVLET_DETECTION_FILTER_ORDER;/** * @program: api-gateway * @description: 限流过滤器 * @author: 01 * @create: 2018-08-25 21:04 **/@Componentpublic class RateLimiterFilter extends ZuulFilter { /** * 每秒钟放入100个令××× */ private static final RateLimiter RATE_LIMITER = RateLimiter.create(100); @Override public String filterType() { // 限流肯定是得在Pre类型的过滤器里做 return PRE_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() { // 设置过滤器的优先级为最高 return SERVLET_DETECTION_FILTER_ORDER - 1; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; } @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { // 尝试从令×××桶中获取令××× if (!RATE_LIMITER.tryAcquire()) { // 获取失败抛出异常,或做其他处理 throw new RateLimiterException(); } return null; }}
除了这个RateLimiter之外,GitHub上也有一些开源的实现。我这里发现了一个还不错的,地址如下:
以上我们演示了pre、post过滤器的简单使用,以及在Zuul上做限流,接下来我们看看如何通过Zuul实现鉴权。通常来说,我们鉴权的对象往往都是用户,我这里已经事先准备好了用户服务以及相关接口。
需求,利用Zuul实现如下功能:
/** * /buyer/order/create 只能买家访问 (cookie里有openid) * /buyer/order/finish 只能卖家访问 (cookie里有token,并且redis存储了session数据) * /buyer/product/list 都可以访问 */
因为判断用户角色权限的时候,需要通过cookie和redis里缓存的数据进行判断,所以修改配置文件如下:
将之前做实验的所有过滤器都注释掉,然后新建一个AuthBuyerFilter过滤器,用于拦截订单创建的请求。代码如下:
package org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.filter;import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.utils.CookieUtil;import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;/** * @program: api-gateway * @description: 买家权限过滤器 * @author: 01 * @create: 2018-08-25 17:03 **/@Componentpublic class AuthBuyerFilter extends ZuulFilter { private static final String ORDER_CREATE = "/order/buyer/order/create"; @Override public String filterType() { // 声明过滤器的类型为Pre return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() { // 将这个过滤器的优先级放在 PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER 之前 return FilterConstants.PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER - 1; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); // 从上下文中拿到请求对象 HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest(); // 如果访问的是 ORDER_CREATE 则进行拦截,否则不进行拦截 return ORDER_CREATE.equals(request.getRequestURI()); } /** * 这个方法用于自定义过滤器的处理代码 * * @return Object * @throws ZuulException ZuulException */ @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); // 从上下文中拿到请求对象 HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest(); // /buyer/order/create 只能买家访问 (cookie里有openid) Cookie cookie = CookieUtil.get(request, "openid"); if (cookie == null || StringUtils.isBlank(cookie.getValue())) { requestContext.setSendZuulResponse(false); requestContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value()); } return null; }}
接着再新建一个AuthSellerFilter过滤器,用于拦截订单完结的请求。代码如下:
package org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.filter;import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.constant.RedisConstant;import org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.utils.CookieUtil;import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;/** * @program: api-gateway * @description: 卖家权限过滤器 * @author: 01 * @create: 2018-08-25 17:03 **/@Componentpublic class AuthSellerFilter extends ZuulFilter { private final StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate; private static final String ORDER_FINISH = "/order/buyer/order/finish"; @Autowired public AuthSellerFilter(StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate) { this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate; } @Override public String filterType() { // 声明过滤器的类型为Pre return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() { // 将这个过滤器的优先级放在 PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER 之前 return FilterConstants.PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER - 1; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); // 从上下文中拿到请求对象 HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest(); // 如果访问的是 ORDER_FINISH 则进行拦截,否则不进行拦截 return ORDER_FINISH.equals(request.getRequestURI()); } /** * 这个方法用于自定义过滤器的处理代码 * * @return Object * @throws ZuulException ZuulException */ @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); // 从上下文中拿到请求对象 HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest(); // /buyer/order/finish 只能卖家访问 (cookie里有token,并且redis存储了session数据) if (ORDER_FINISH.equals(request.getRequestURI())) { Cookie cookie = CookieUtil.get(request, "token"); if (cookie == null || StringUtils.isBlank(cookie.getValue()) || StringUtils.isNotBlank(redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(String.format(RedisConstant.TOKEN_PREFIX, cookie.getValue())))) { requestContext.setSendZuulResponse(false); requestContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value()); } } return null; }}
额外话题:
现在我们的项目基本都是前后端分离的,前端通过ajax来请求后端接口。由于浏览器的同源策略,所以会出现跨域的问题。而在微服务架构中,我们可以在网关上统一解决跨域的问题。
在Zuul里增加CorsFilter过滤器的配置类即可。代码如下:
package org.zero.springcloud.apigateway.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter;/** * @program: api-gateway * @description: 跨域配置 * @author: 01 * @create: 2018-08-27 23:02 **/@Configurationpublic class CorsConfig { private CorsConfiguration buildConfig() { CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration(); // 允许cookie跨域 corsConfiguration.setAllowCredentials(true); // 允许任何域名使用 corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin("*"); // 允许任何头 corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*"); // 允许任何方法(post、get等) corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*"); // 设置跨域缓存时间,单位为秒 corsConfiguration.setMaxAge(300L); return corsConfiguration; } @Bean public CorsFilter corsFilter() { final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource(); // 对接口配置跨域设置 source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", buildConfig()); return new CorsFilter(source); }}
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/zero01/2173360